Arc Of Justice A Saga Of Race, Civil Rights, And Murder

Anna Raisch Professor Hagood Michigan History 10 November 2015 Arc of Justice Analysis Bibliography: Boyle, Kevin. Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age. Henry Holt and Company, 2004. I. Thesis: a) I believe that the author’s motivation for writing the book was to shine a light on an important historical event. Arc of Justice was the first book written to document the story of the Sweet family. Not only does the story explain the trial of Ossian and Gladys Sweet regarding their home, but is also a testament to the terrors of racial prejudice. b) How does the case of Ossian and Gladys Sweet reveal the racism of the 1920s and affect other African American people? c) As shown in Arc of Justice, Ossian’s life and trial reveal racism in occupations, politics, the education system, and the housing market; however, it also was a beacon of hope for his race as the trial resulted in a victory. d) This question is important because it first reveals how American cities â€Å"simmered with hatred, deeply divided as always†¦. Time and again in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, urban white proved themselves capable of savagery toward their black neighbors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6). Unless documented in novels such as Arc of Justice, the deep racism and brutal mistreatment of black people in the past may fade away from memory. The question is also important because it explains how â€Å"the Sweet case did help move America away from the brutal intolerance of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kevin Boyle s Arc Of Justice1585 Words   |  7 PagesNathan Bondurant Book Review One In Kevin Boyle’s Arc of Justice: A saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age, the author creates a way to describe the discrimination and horrible racial treatment inflicted on the African American community following the civil war and continuing into the 1900’s by following a black doctor’s life and his controversy in equality. The author sets the scene in the booming city of Detroit, a place many blacks ventured to when trying to escape the crueltyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Roaring Twenties Essay979 Words   |  4 Pageshope black people had slowly began to disappear. Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age, by Kevin Boyle, illustrates the betrayal and the civil rights struggle faced by all African Americans throughout the American society post emancipation. Reconstruction was a time where African Americans were shown a path leading to opportunities and pursuit of happiness but as they followed down that path, it lead to immoral justice, gruesome violence and racial prejudice. TheRead MoreMiddle Life Analysis: Arc of Justice1902 Words   |  8 PagesMiddle Life Analysis; Arc of Justice â€Å"American cities didn’t simply sparkle in the summer of 1925. They simmered with hatred, deeply divided as always† (Boyle, 2005, p. 6). Life was extremely difficult for African Americans during the early 1920s; a period of time that was better known as the segregation era. In the book Arc of Justice, written by Kevin Boyle, the words â€Å"racism† and â€Å"segregation† play a significant role. Boyle focuses in the story of Ossian Sweet, a young AfricanRead MoreTechnological Advancements of the Victorian Period Essay1863 Words   |  8 Pagesat an unfortunate time, whereas the poor working conditions were overlooked. I. The Start of the Industrial Revolution According to law anybody who was born in the British American colony instead of any of the numerous British colonies held more rights than those deprived of them in others. The law stated that by the law of both God and nature, stood exclusive of any charter that came from the crown, and very well found entitlement to any of the acts of the British Parliament. This gave the BritishRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesUniversity PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in

Sea Glass Hardships during the Great Depression - 1347 Words

â€Å"’Blackest Day on Wall Street in Many Years. Selling orders Swamp New York Market. Billions quoted. Values Fade’† (Shreve 133). Similar headlines most likely splashed across most newspapers on October 30, 1929, the day after the stock market crashed. From this date, the United States entered the Great Depression, the time period where the economy was at its lowest. Although signs were present, this era came as a shockwave to most citizens because the 1920s were times of extreme economic prosper. People’s lives were completely torn from their roots. They were left without any method to make a living, but used drastic measures to survive. The people became desperate and did whatever they could to buy food on the table. Anita Shreve depicts†¦show more content†¦This happens to Alphonso’s family. They originally own a farm, but are driven into the city (Shreve 310). The difficulties McDermott and Alphonso must go through demonstrate the tr ue hardships of individuals living during the Great Depression. Vivian Burton displays the life of someone who not directly affected by the Great Depression, but has a relationship with someone who is. Vivian is one of the wealthy, opulent characters of the novel. She is the exact opposite of the normal victims of the Great Depression. There were a handful of people who were blessed enough to barely feel the effects of the Great Depression. In the novel, Vivian is one of these people. Her family is fortunate enough to be affluent, so they only barely feel the Depression affect their lives. In fact, while others are falling down in their lives, Vivian is kicking off her career as a play writer. Similarly, most of her peers have no problem during the Depression either. However, there is an exception. Dickie Peets, another high-class character, lacks the same luck as his peers. An extremely successful person, he invests in some bad stocks. These stocks cause him to lose everything and become extremely desperate. After fleeing his home, Dickie calls Vivian and says, â€Å"’I need you to buy the house’† (Shreve 138). This shows his need to keep something, even if it through a friend. Vivian and Dickie expose two aspects of the rich duringShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Of Sylvia Plath869 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1930s many life altering events were occurring, like the Great Depression. During that time some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of America’s banks had failed. These events led to many hardships and widespread unemployment and poverty. While these events were occurring, Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. Her parents met while her mother, Aurelia Schober, was a student at Boston University, where her father, Otto Plath, taught GermanRead MoreTennessee Williams : Understanding A Namesake3723 Words   |  15 Pagesperception of women. Tennessee Williams Thomas Lanier Williams III’s first two plays produced on Broadway found great success, establishing his prowess as a great American playwright. Williams created not only great works, but the character of the tragic southern woman, faded, fallen, and led somewhat astray. To understand this constant character, most vivid in The Glass Menagerie, and A Street Car Named Desire, and Cat On A Hot Tin Roof we must understand the life and times of Tennessee.Read MoreEssay Edgar Allan Poe3220 Words   |  13 Pagesstill a child, to the repeated frailty of his love life, to the neuroses of his later years, his life was a ceaseless continuum of one mind-warping tragedy after another. 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All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT: Question options: | a) | availability of capital for investment. | | b) | a growing supply of labor. | | c) | abundant natural resources. | | d) | low tariffs. | | e) | federal land grants to railroads. | | | 1 / 1 point | 2.) By 1890, the majority of Americans: Question options: | a) | worked as farmers. | | b) | worked as independent craftsmenRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesfor her to overcome the trials she faces, which mirror her plight in society at large. The story is one of the best examples of Weltys writing, which is known A Worn Path 1 for its realistic portrayal of the American South, particularly during the depression.  » Back to Table of Contents Author Biography Eudora Welty was born on April 13, 1909, in Jackson, Mississippi, to Christian Webb and Chestina Andrews Welty. Her father was an insurance company president. She attended Mississippi StateRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesfor her to overcome the trials she faces, which mirror her plight in society at large. The story is one of the best examples of Weltys writing, which is known A Worn Path 1 for its realistic portrayal of the American South, particularly during the depression.  » Back to Table of Contents Author Biography Eudora Welty was born on April 13, 1909, in Jackson, Mississippi, to Christian Webb and Chestina Andrews Welty. Her father was an insurance company president. She attended Mississippi State CollegeRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pageslitmus show acid, others base, and others still nothing. Uses of Salts Name of salt | Formula | Uses | ammonium chloride | NH4Cl   |   in soldering, as electrolyte in dry cells | sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 | in baking powder, in manufacture of glass | sodium chloride | NaCl |   for seasoning and preserving food, essential in life processes | calcium chloride | CaCl2  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   as a drying agent to absorb moisture, in freezing mixtures | silver bromide | AgBr  Ã‚   |   in making photographic film | Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Stories of that sort can also help with certain kinds of fellowships, which are only available to students who come from a disadvantaged background. But stories of whatever sort must of course be made

Melba Essay Free Essays

Throughout Mà ªlà ©e’s journey to fight segregation, her grandmother and faith n God were her greatest weapons. In 1 957, Melba Poetical was extensionally and preparing for her integration I to Little Rock Central High School, an all white school. She was continuously tormenter d by teachers and students while attending but her grandmother’s words and her faith in God I s what keeps her going. We will write a custom essay sample on Melba Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now An instance in which her grandma’s words were very influential, was w hen Melba reminded herself of her grandma’s advice when faced with a barrage of nasty words. I squared my shoulders and tried to remember what Grandma had said: ‘God loves you, child; no matter what, he sees you as his precious idea. â€Å"‘ As a result of remembering those woo rd, Melba went rigorously to her next class and ignored the nasty words shouted at her by classmates. Melba writes in her journal, â€Å"There seems to be no space for me at Central Hi ugh. I don’t want integration to be like the neurosurgeon. Please, God, make space for m e. Melba was becoming discouraged and was realizing that integration was far more difficult t than she originally thought, yet she still had a strong faith in the Lord and asked for his help, knowing that he will provide for her. Me Lie 2 Another time where her grandma helps her, was when Melba was in gym class s, where her classmates ta unted and jeered her. She ignores them, but as it continued, SSH e struggled to ignore it and to escape the cruelty of the nature. Soon the gym teacher tells her to g et inside, so she ran away, she was soon chased by some angry students and was tripped by one o f them. From falling down, she ends up getting scraped up and, more and more students SST rated to taunt her, she gets up and runs inside the school hoping to find the office. After opening g many doors, having no luck in finding the office, she was in tears and ready to give up. But then her grandma’s voice comes into her head, â€Å"God never loses one of his flock. How to cite Melba Essay, Essays

Frankensteins Dont Mess with Mother Natu Essay Example For Students

Frankensteins: Dont Mess with Mother Natu Essay re Frankenstein essaysDont Mess with Mother Nature The story of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about a man who created something that messes with nature, and nature came back to mess with him because nature is more powerful than man. Victor Frankenstein was very interested in natural philosophy and chemistry and basically tried to play G-d by creating life. When he found the secret of activating dead flesh, he created a superhuman being composed of rotted corpses. What he did was considered unthinkable, and he was haunted by his own creation. When the monster escaped, Frankenstein knew that he had to deal with the consequences of what the monster might do. Frankenstein received a letter one day which informed him of his younger brother Williams murder, and immediately suspected that he was responsible, for he was the creator of the hideous monster. A friend of the family named Justine Moritz was the presumed murderer, and Frankenstein was determined to prove her innocent. Circumstantial evidence, however, led the courts to believe Justine guilty, because found in her pocket was a photograph which had belonged to William. Justine had been put to death, and Frankenstein had yet to find his creation. Finally, upon their meeting, the monster confessed to his creator of what he had been through, how he was rejected by society, and finally, how he had come to kill William. When William had revealed his name to the monster, the monster immediately figured that by killing the young boy, he would have revenge on Frankenstein for giving him life. The monster did not understand the concept of right and wrong and he especially didnt mean to kill anybody. His expression of anger ended up being violent, even fatal to the victim, and it just worked out that he killed people. As the monsters story continued, he demanded of Frankenstein a female mate who he can be with until his end, and promised to live away from society. Frankenstein, meanwhile, tried to restore the monsters demented mind so he could live a normal life. Although at first Frankenstein agreed to create a friend for the monster, he changed his mind for fear that between the two of them, his life, as well as many others, would be in danger. The creature wanted revenge, and so everything important in Frankensteins life ended up being destroyed, including his wife and best friend

Scr Tims Essay Example

Scr Tims Essay To begin with, upon visiting SCR website I find that the SCR website accompanies the Shelly Cashman Series Systems Analysis and Design text and is a fictitious company used as the focus of a case study. Upon further review of the site, moving through the bulleted list, first entered was the Data Library. This has subsections for SCR Functions and Organization which lists committees and group members; SCR Training Records section has two sample months of training records that includes the company, contact person, phone, title of training course, etc, then there is a JAD Session Example, which is basically a written summary of the discussion of the joint application design meeting that is to launch TIMS (Training Information Management System). Sample of Questionnaire Results was noted, which was brought up during the JAD session meeting to send to a sample of former students and prospective students in order to determine what people liked and to find out what could be improved for future courses. There was also the Summary of Cost-Benefit Data, which is a data table of developmental costs, operational costs for the first year of operation, and revenue estimates, finally the SCR Network which shows a diagram of the new system which the committee members were really keen on. We will write a custom essay sample on Scr Tims specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Scr Tims specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Scr Tims specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Upon visiting the Forms Library it revealed a list of forms such as Request for Information Services, Preliminary Investigation Report, System Requirements Document, System Design Specification, System Requirements Change Request, and many more forms as part of the tools available to assist in completing projects for the course. The Resources Library has many categories to choose from including CASE (computer-aided systems engineering) tools, Communications Tools, Encyclopedia, Financial Tools, IT news, other links, Search tool, and Vendor that have links to other web sites all of which are valuable resources to complete assignment requirements. Next, a review of the SCR Internet Site was completed and this is the web site of the fictitious IT Consulting Firm utilized for this course. Finally, the TIMS work session was also visited and reviewed showing session by session information on weekly assignments. Overall, signing into the web site was quite easy and reviewing all the sections and subsections provided an overall view and comprehensive look at all the tools and methods to be used to carry out the design and implementation of an information system. Thus, the brief summary of the items found on the website ensures a thorough and successful examination was completed. IT Consulting is a field that focuses on advising businesses on how best to use information technology to meet their business objectives. In addition to providing advice, IT consultants often implement, deploy, and administer systems on businesses behalf. With this in mind, the results of Internet research the following are three IT consulting firms: First, Techsperts is one that provides effective, in-office computer help for all technological needs and has services offering a wide range of hardware, software, plus resolves network problems. The personnel in this particular company are experienced and industry certified with each having more than 5 years of experience in the competitive IT solutions industry (techspertsllc. com). Business services and solutions include wireless/wired network setup, adding devices to existing networks, computer maintenance and optimization, set up and installation of local or network printers. They also provide diagnostics for troubleshooting, backup solutions to protect all sensitive information on computers or databases with the ability to retrieve important materials immediately. Overall, Techsperts have the expert knowledge and experience for an IT consulting firm that has fast, friendly, and informative services. Now, Marathon Consulting helps business owners stay focused on keeping their business efficient and profitable through innovative IT Solutions. The goal for this company is to assist every client to achieve increased margins in their business by using information technology to enhance people and productivity gains. As experts, they are reliable and take all business needs seriously and at the same time recommend the perfect solution for each client. Some of Marathon’s services include backup and disaster recovery, proactive monitoring and maintenance, remote Help Desk, onsite/offsite data storage solutions, installing/maintaining network security, firewall management, network maintenance, VOIP system maintenance, and server administration. As well, Marathon offers virtualization and Cloud Computing because the traditional server-desktop infrastructure although still valuable in today’s businesses, the changeover to virtualization is quickly approaching (marathonconsulting. com). As a result, the demand from many software vendors is to have a single server for their application as this ensures that operations are at peak performance. However, the problem is with multiple applications, they require isolation, and the infrastructure grows unnecessarily and by providing this service, virtualization and Cloud Computing make sense and Marathon provides this solution. Finally, Dataprise IT Consulting considers factors in today’s IT projects to bring about more than just functional challenges, they work on issues such as security, scalability, redundancy, information architecture and speed of performance. In fact, these are just a few of the criteria that are evaluated in the early stages of planning an information technology project. Dataprise also has on staff an experienced team of IT consultants that handle projects large and small, from needs assessment through to implementation. Some examples of IT projects they specialize in include: Network Administration with design, builds, migrations, upgrades, Help Desks, Disaster Planning and Recovery, as well as Enterprise System Design. Enterprise computing systems refers to information systems that support company-wide operations and data management requirements (Shelly Rosenblatt, 2008). Other services include Network Installation and integration, Datacom Services, Network Security, consulting, special projects and an IT assessment. Without question, businesses can benefit from comprehensive, affordable and personalized IT services, support and solutions. References Dataprise it services for growing businesses. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. dataprise. com/services. spx Information technology consulting. (2010, October 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Information_technology_consultingoldid=391431537 Marathon consulting. (2010). Computer Consults NY. Retrieved from http://www. marathonconsulting. com/ Shelly, G, Rosenblatt, H. (2008). S ystem analysis and design, video enhanced. Boston, MA: Thomson Course Technology. Techsperts: business technology solutions. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. techspertsllc. com/services. php

Writing Critically on the Performing Arts a How-To Guide on Writing a Term Paper on Performing Arts

Writing Critically on the Performing Arts a How-To Guide on Writing a Term Paper on Performing Arts Term papers are academic essays that require critical thinking and writing. Fortunately, it doesnt have to be difficult writing one. Follow these film theatre studies term paper writing tips carefully and you will become quite skilled at writing term papers. Its important to remember the key principle in writing critically research. The more time spent in research, the less time spent in writing a term paper. Also remember to choose a topic that means something to you. Its easier writing on a topic you can connect or relate to. And of course, dont forget to go through the pre-writing tips listed. They make the writing process easier and less laborious. Good luck! What is a Term Paper? A term paper is a research and academic paper written and submitted at the end of a course program. Usually submitted at the end of a semester, a term paper evaluates a students grasp and understanding of a course. A term paper requires good research skills, critical thinking and organised writing skills. The performing arts is a broad discipline of theatre studies with a wide palette of options to choose from. You can write on history of performing arts, drama, spoken word, poetry, musical theatre, opera, circus arts, public speaking, recitation, magic, illusion, puppetry and comedy. The list is almost endless. The golden rule of writing a term paper on the performing arts is to choose a topic that means something to you. Just like creative writing, you have to write from your heart, but also with a lot of detailed research. Choosing a Topic Usually a topic might be suggested by your course teacher. Other times, you may be given the option of choosing a topic to write on. Some students pass up this opportunity and insist on their teachers choosing the topic for them, others follow the crowd and prefer to write on what everyone is writing on. Writing a term paper improves your ability to think and write critically. This skill is useful in making important decisions in life, therefore don’t pass up the opportunity if presented to you. What topic do you wish to write on? Why do you want to write on that topic? How has the topic affected your understanding of the performing arts?   These are a few of the questions to consider before choosing a topic to write on. Find a quiet place to think about the topics that got your attention during your study of the course and list them on a paper; List the reasons for choosing each topic and list the perspectives you would want to cover on each topic; List the likely sources of research for each topic, noting the possibility of gathering sufficient research on each topic; You can also present these topics to your lecturer and ask for guidance in choosing the right topic; Rank these topics in an ascending order, putting the most likely topic you can complete at the top and the least at the bottom; Pick the most favourable topic. Topic Ideas for a Term Paper on Performing Arts A few examples of sample topics to choose from include: The Evolution of Performing Arts in America; The Duel: Rap versus Spoken Word; The Effects of Media on Performing Arts; Martial Arts in the US Military; Great Puppeteers of Our Time; The Life and Times of Pavarotti; Linking Performing Arts with Cognition. These are just a few samples to stir up possible ideas on what to write on. The performing arts has a broad array of topics, trends, discussions and events to write on. Think outside the box and be true to yourself. If you are still unable to come up with a topic, you can ask your teacher to draw up a list of topics you could write on. Then take time to research on these topics and see if there is any one that strikes a chord. If you still dont feel inspired, try reading a couple of previous term papers written by others, academic journals on the various branches of the performing arts, your textbooks or reviewing the notes you took during the lectures. Inspiration may bubble up from any of these sources. Pre-Writing Tips Before you start writing a term paper, there are a couple of factors you need to put into consideration to avoid getting stuck in the middle. A couple of them include: How long is the paper? Is it ten pages long? 5000 words? Thinking about the length will make you evaluate the research methods available and the feasibility of finishing the paper on time. Perhaps you may realise you dont have sufficient material to write on a particular topic you probably love. This realisation will make you evaluate and improve your research or change the topic altogether. How long will the project take? What was the deadline given? What are the chances of completing the paper before the deadline? These questions will help you predict the possibility of finishing a term paper successfully, and also eliminate topics that are likely to take too much time. How much of this topic do you understand? Is the topic generally understood by other students? Is it a controversial one? Is it too technical or ambiguous? Will your term paper make the topic better understood? Can you defend the topic? It is wiser to choose topics you can easily explain and discuss with your teachers or colleagues. However, if you choose a complex topic you are confident in researching and defending, then go for it. You will help others in understanding the topic better. Once you have provided answers to these questions, you are set to write your term paper. Before you do, take note of these pre-writing tips: Sketch an outline to give your work direction. An outline helps save time in researching, writing the first draft and proof reading. An outline also provides a skeleton you can easily fill up with finer details. Remember that your outline is not a rigid structure, but a flexible framework that points you in the right direction when you begin to lose your way. An outline may be given by your teacher, or you may be free to choose an outline. Whatever the case, an outline is generally divided into introduction, discussion paragraphs and a summary. We will talk extensively on outlining in the subsequent sub-headings. Research makes up a large bulk of a term paper. Good and detailed research always pays off in the end. It makes your writing critical, analytical, original and free from fluff. The internet offers ample material on just about any topic on performing arts. Other places to search for information include the library, past journals, previous term papers, research works, textbooks, and of course materials provided by your teacher. Dont hesitate to ask questions for clarification when in doubt. Dont rush through your research. If you take time to do your research, you will spend less time drawing an outline and writing the term paper. Thesis Statement. Your thesis statement is the foundation of your term paper, so you would want to be precise with it. An unconvincing thesis statement makes a wobbly term paper that attracts poor grades. After your research, reflect on your topic and pinpoint the singular idea you want to discuss. Stay on that idea and build on it through out the essay, using logical flowing paragraphs and discussions. In the conclusion, use clear unambiguous statements to summarise the paper. A proposal is given to your teacher for approval. In a proposal you defend your topic and if the teacher is convinced, he approves the topic for your term paper. A good proposal is made of a title, clear objectives of writing on the chosen topic and relevance of writing on such topic. Remember to add recent news, articles, social events and happenings that increases the relevance of your topic. Title Your title is the first impression of your work, so you should be interested in making a good one. There are no hard and fast rules in pitching excellent titles, however, its safer to use titles that are not too long or too short. Your title should be relevant to the body of the essay, and like the thesis statement, should make a good platform for building your ideas. Outline A term paper has: Title; Thesis statement; Introduction; Body of discussion/descriptive/analytical/argumentative paragraphs; Summary/conclusions and questions that encourage further reading and research. Introduction Introduce your topic in the introduction, define the key words of your essay, discuss current events that are related to your topic, discuss significant issues and problems and how you plan on solving them. The introduction is also a good place to summarise the objectives of your essay, the relevance and significance of the topic you are discussing. There are so many ways to start the introduction. You can decide to grab your readers attention with a rhetoric, a quote, an anecdote or an intriguing statistic or fact. You can also start by asking a question and go ahead to answer the question in the preceding paragraphs. Whatever method you choose, be sure to use clear succinct words, present your perspective and stance on the topic, then go ahead to build on it. Body In the body of your essay, aim to convince your reader with series of logical paragraphs that are linked to one another. Explain each point that backs up your stance on the topic, using each point to form a paragraph. You can use any of the styles available: descriptive, analytical, persuasive, argumentative, or a combination of all. Make sure each paragraph supports the objectives of your topic and backs up your thesis statement. Use compact sentences, active verbs and short to moderate paragraphs.   You can decide to use a handful of figures of speech to add a lyrical ring to your essay. Be careful not to pepper your entire work with quotes. You dont want your work to come off as somebody elses. And of course, dont forget to cite and reference other peoples work. Conclusion Conclude by restating your thesis statement and summarising your stance on the topic. Recap on the key points and wrap up with a question that encourages further research, reading and questions. Post-Writing Tips Rewriting and Editing. Rewrite loose hanging paragraphs and make them praise and compact. There are better ways to make a point and the surest way to explore these ways is to rewrite, rewrite and rewrite. Exchange flabby passive verbs for active ones, remove monotonous repetitive words, delete ambiguous sentences. Also check for grammar, spelling, use of verbs and punctuation. have a second pair of eyes assess your work. Give it to someone who isnt studying theatre and film studies, for example your family and friends. They can assess your style of writing and say if your essay is engaging or not. Next, give your essay to a colleague in school, perhaps a course mate, or a lecturer you can trust, let them assess the content of your essay and make input on the sufficiency of information provided. After this, give to a third pair of eyes to proof read for those grammar errors and punctuation mistakes that managed to escape your scrutiny and spell checker. Reference your work properly, using the citation style recommended by your teacher. Common term paper formats include the American Psychological Association (APA) format used for social sciences. The citation style for APA format uses the publication name, date and location. Another term paper format is the Modern Language Association   (MLA) format used for liberal arts and humanities, which also uses the publication name, date and location for citation. These formats have precise notation systems so be sure to look them up for clarification. Also remember to sort out your bibliography early to avoid last minute rushes. Bibliographies are also written using either the APA or MLA format or any other term paper formats preferred by your teacher. Useful Databases to Search for Information: A Few Picks from Our Writers Term papers are meant to be scholarly papers, so you need to provide legitimate scholarly sources. Use the following databases to find articles: RILM; International index to Music Periodicals; Dissertations and theses full text; Arts Humanities Citation Index; Your college library catalog.

Policy Brief Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Brief - Assignment Example For this reason, there is an increased need for the Canadian legislators to find better ways of creating jobs for the youth so as to improve the standards of living of the Canadian youths. This policy document seeks to highlight the extent of youth unemployment in Canada to policy makers, and what needs to be done to reduce youth unemployment for the betterment of the economy and the society. Canada ranks among the countries that are doing well economically. Despite having been affected by the recent financial meltdown, the Canadian government took proactive measures that ensured faster recovery of the economy. With the current per capita of $43,472, the Canadian economy ranks among the largest in the world. The Canadian government has also been doing well in terms of keeping the inflation rate down. The current Canadian inflation rates stand at about 1.0%, which is among the lowest in the world. Nevertheless, the main issue of concern to most Canadians currently has to do with the high rate of youth unemployment rates. 2015 economic index shows that the average unemployment rate stands at about 7.1%. However, youth unemployment stands at 13.6%, which is among the highest in the region (Leung, 2013). In fact, the Canadian youths had a lot of hope when the Conservatives took the reins of power as they thought the new administration would generate enough jobs for the youth s in the first few years in the office. However, the hopes of the Canadian youths have been dashed, as the rate of youth unemployment continues to rise throughout the country. A report by Goar (2014) reveals that, at the time the Conservatives took the reign of power in 2006, youth unemployment was only 12.2%. However, the percentage of youth unemployment has since jumped to 13.6%. Goar argues that this statistic tells only part of the larger problem. Art Columnist observes that thousands of Canadian

The Concept of Alien Life on Other Planets Essay

The Concept of Alien Life on Other Planets - Essay Example I am sure people have had some pre-conceived notions of life on other planets from news reports, movies like E.T., Aliens, or Men in Black. I, too, believe that aliens do exist. According to an article on NASA, â€Å"the US space agency has spoken for the first time in life on other planets and they are certain it DOES exist†. From the exploration of the universe and planets using highly sophisticated probes and technology, scientists have begun to discover signs that life on other planets is indeed possible to exist. One of the chief scientists at NASA, Ellen Stofan, was reported to have quipped that â€Å"humanity is on the verge of discovering alien life† (Wall 1). A remarkable sign that was discovered and documented was the presence of water. As asserted, â€Å"where there’s water, there’s hope†. In addition, there were proofs of a dragon particle which allegedly evidently showed that biological entities from outer space originated from other pl anets. The current technology enhanced capabilities for proving and discovering signs for life to exist on other planets. What is more remarkable is that the information is immediately shared with a wide range of audience through the online medium. As such, readers are accorded, not only with the most appraised information from NASA but more importantly, photos and proofs of potential life existence have also been documented and shared. I am not surprised that anytime soon in the near future, the concept of alien life on other planets would truly be confirmed.

Article review for managerial accounting Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review for managerial accounting - Article Example Biolea believes in self-reliance and innovation. Biolea’s operations are based on solid scientific methods of agriculture of Olive groves in Crete and provide an untainted quality of olive oil to its customers. Biolea’s range of products includes olive oil, and its varieties like Lemonio, Nerantzio. Biolea also supports agro-tourism, wild life, and renewable energy. Fixed Cost, Variable Cost and Mixed Cost – Examples and Their Significance For running its business operations, Biolea incurs fixed cost, variable cost as well as mixed cost. Fixed cost of Biolea would include cost of salaries of supervisors, depreciation of factory machines, etc. Variable costs of Biolea would include cost of olive groves, cost of shipping the olives. Mixed cost includes cost of supervisory salaries for varying levels of production, cost of natural gas for varying levels of production of olive oil. ... Bottled from the beginning, the natural mineral water sold by Evian reduces any chance of impurity and ensures that the customer enjoys purity as well as taste. Water plays a key role for pregnant women and hence this segment of mothers forms a large base of Evian’s customers. Evian’s water plays a key role in baby’s development as the fetus at 25 weeks is 90% water it. Evian’s dwindling water supply is due to increase in population and the striving of people especially in the developing countries to drink clean water today and tomorrow. To ensure that customers get pure and clean drinking water throughout 24 hours, Evian has designed a PET bottle that is easy to carry. Evian provides customized bottle of natural water for specific purposes of sports, travel and tour, etc. Fixed Cost, Variable Cost and Mixed Cost – Examples and Their Significance For running its business operations, Evian incurs fixed cost, variable cost as well as mixed cost. Fixed cost of Evian would include cost of salaries of supervisors, depreciation of factory machines, etc. Variable costs of Evian would include cost of natural water bottles, cost of shipping the bottles. Mixed cost includes cost of supervisory salaries for varying levels of production, cost of raw material for varying levels of production of bottle mineral water. The three types of cost listed above for Evian are a typical example for the reason that items listed under fixed cost are fixed expenses to be incurred by Evian irrespective of the level of production of bottled mineral water, items under variable cost would vary as the production level of Evian would vary, items listed under mixed cost of Evian have a fixed component irrespective of Evian’s

Overview: Working with Pediatric Patients

Overview: Working with Pediatric Patients OBJECTIVES The main purpose in learning how to work with pediatric patients is to have a clear idea of the potential challenges a medical assistant may encounter when dealing with this patient population. There are many topics to cover, including but not limited to: Understanding correctly the language used within the different pediatric age groups, learning how to effectively communicate with toddlers, adolescents and parents along with finding best practices to proper document basic and vital pediatric information like: height, weight, circumference measurements, pulse, respiratory rates, blood type screening, as well as body motor developing, sensory and language milestones throughout the patient growth. Other important skills to learn are immunization guidelines along with the proper time in which vaccinations have to be administered. At the same time, describing appropriately and effectively different signs and changes during puberty, including secondary sex characteristics. Last, but no least, providing parents with education guidelines for safety along with discussing social issues that are affecting our youth’ health today. Pediatric age classifications and proper communication Although often we may perceive the word â€Å"pediatric† as babies or toddlers, this conception is wrong. In reality, when we refer to pediatric we are covering from new born through 18 years of age. The medical assistant must be knowledgeable in all stages and must be able to handle the challenges these bring forth. The following terms are critical to understand and it is imperative to learn how they are related to one another in communication skills, patient/parents education and documentation. The age ranges are classified as follows: Newborn.- It is the initial period following birth Neonate.- It is the first month of life Infant.- It is the first year of life Toddler.- From the first year of life to preschool age Child.- It often starts with school attendance into the middle childhood Adolescent.- Puberty starts here, reproduction is possible and development of secondary sex characteristics It is highly recommended to practice appropriate communication based in the patient’s age and the patient’s family. Speaking down to or over the head of an individual often creates barriers in the patient responses. It is very important to speak the language that both, the patient and his/her parents understand. When talking to a parent is vital to remain professional and call by their name, in the other hand, when talking with small children who often have not developed verbal interactions, it may be appropriate to communicate through expressions or motions. When speaking with older children or adolescent, communication barriers may come up. Never assume a meaning or intention. Always attempt to clarify what a patient is communicating; it is valid to consider that the patient may be testing the caregiver’s reactions to words or phrases. Communication, if appropriately used, can be a major tool for great evaluations and examinations. It can increase the patient confidence to the healthcare provider and as result; enable high quality health care to the patient. Infant/Toddler Measurements Infants and toddlers grow at an impressive velocity, therefore accurate and consistent measurements are highly necessary to evaluate normal or abnormal development patterns. This practice is helpful in identifying any potential health issues in which early detection will be the key to prompt prevention procedures Height and weight measurements in children at young age can be a clear indicator of potential health issues. Therefore, the medical assistant must be proficient in obtaining and recording this vital information. Being accurate is essential, especially during the early years. Indicators of questionable health may be determined based not only on initial size, but on growth pattern or trends. The National Center for Health Statistics provides charts for height, weight and head circumference. These charts use percentiles, which compare the child’s measurements with an average range of growth for children in the United States. Many factors come to play when assessing measures, one of them is familial stature, gestational age at birth, and chronic disease. When measuring the height of an infant is recommended to get another person to help, when possible, children under 2 years of age are measured in a horizontal position with the body fully extended, although a â€Å"caliper† (an instrument used to measure the distance between two points) is used by most practitioners, some clinics still use a tape measure to complete this task. Children with two years of age or more can be measured while standing. This procedure should be done by removing the patient’s shoes and having the patient’s heels, back and head in the same plane, it is a good practice having the patient standing against the wall. The same can be obtained with the use of an upright physician’s scale. Weight measurement gives another way of asses the pediatric patient’s growth and development, as with height, accurate measurement documentation is used based in the statistics chart provided by the NCHS (National Center of Health Statistics). Young infants are weighed directly on an infant scale, ideally they should be weighed naked or in a diaper. Any item on the scale, aside of the child should be considered to add or subtract when taking measurements. As children get older, techniques must adapted to the patient’s comfort, young children can be weighed in their underwear and using a standing scale. As they go into school age, a gown can be worn for more comfortable and accurate evaluation. The weight of the gowns and/or underwear do not have to determine at this age because of the constant fluctuation of ounces in these children would not be significant as they would for an infant. In the other hand, the use of accurate equipment is much more important and vital. Head circumference and chest circumference is another source of health evaluation. Knowing the traceability of the cranium and the brain is critical in the kid’s health. Abnormally large or small head size must be monitored. Patient’s may encounter macrocephaly which is an abnormally growth of the head circumference larger than 97th. Percentile. Before jumping to conclusions, familial or generic trends need to be considered. In the other hand, microcephaly, the abnormally small head may also indicate a pathologic condition, such as chromosomal disorder. When the head is measured, it is important to always measure the same area at all times; it is recommended to it just above the eyebrows. The information can document in either inches or centimeters according to office protocol. The chest measurement may or may not be done due to various locations being measured. This procedure is an additional calculation that is used to identify low birth weights in preterm babies and may also be used when there is a suspicion of lung or heart disease Pediatric Vital Signs Obtaining vital signs can be challenging at times, bold pressures are usually not taken until the age of two. Cuffs are used to measure blood pressure and they come in a variety of size and themes to make this task as pleasant as possible for the patient, although the use of new or unfamiliar equipment is often traumatic for a young child, many offices acquire equipment that is appealing to children. A good practice is to allow the child to safely touch and test the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope as well as mock with either a doll, stuffed animal or to a parent. The pulse in the young child varies with age and growth. The young infant or toddler may be very active, thereby increase the pulse rate. The primary location for measuring pulse in infants and young children are different than the location in adults. The radial artery is normally used to check on older kids and adults, at the same time, for infants and young children, the femoral or brachial arteries are the choices for patients of this age group. Another way of measuring pulse is through auscultation which is listening to the heart with stethoscope Respirations in the infant and toddler can be measured with the pulse. The rates will vary, depending on the level of activity or illness. Let’s keep in mind that a fever can elevate the respiratory and pulse rates. Obtaining an accurate body temperature is another skill that is essential for medical assistant. Fevers are very common in pediatric patients and they are more frequent compare to adults. There various methods to measure body temperature. In children and adolescents, auditory or aural readings are quick and relatively comfortable. Infants with two months of age or less are best evaluated with a temporal thermometer. Another option is obtaining rectal temperature reading. Pediatrics measurements and vital signs are key evaluation tools for identification of any potential disorders Pediatric Development Aside of the measurements discussed earlier, other areas of growth and development include motor, sensory and language development. There are different milestones that indicate acceptable growth and development patterns. These milestones are used a guidelines to determine the normal growth in children, especially during the first two years of age, it is important to keep in mind that some children reach these sooner or later compared to others, however this is completely normal. Motor development usually includes three areas of growth: reflexes, gross motor and fine motor skills, Reflexes refer to automatic responses to any stimulation. The following are the most common reflexes: Breathing, sucking, rooting, swimming, grasping and moro. Gross motor skills include motions such as rolling, scooting, crawling and walking. Fine motor skills develop utilizing smaller movements, these include touching, grabbing, poking, pulling, and pinching. Sensory Development are related to vision and hearing senses along with the deep perception and motion assessment. Any single area that exhibits impairments will affect the growth in other areas of development. Visual development involves increasing distances in sight as brain matures. Color perception also develops as the child grows. In the other hand, hearing improves in normal development as the child matures Language Development from infancy forward, the child begins with noises that elicit response. These become words, phrases and finally sentences. The timing in which these occur may be different due to educational and environmental circumstances Visual and Auditory screenings are conducted as way of measurement the sensory development and to avoid potential problems that can be treated and corrected. Prior to school age some visual milestones are evaluated: blinking, fixation on objects, coordination of eye movements, and reaching for objects, shaking ere movements and wandering eyes. Hearing screening in the newborn and infant begins. Lack of hearing is often interpreted as intellectual delay. Clues include responses to loud noises, facial expressions and turning head toward noises. As the child matures, more formal testing of hearing can be completed. Audiometric equipment can be used for this purpose. Vaccinations or immunizations have been recommended by the World Health Organization in a constant effort to prevent the spread identified diseases. History shows that infectious diseases have led to worldwide epidemics and studies show that the infant fatality rate decrease due to the use of vaccinations, UNICEF studies show that these include smallpox, whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, HIB, hepatitis B, measles, mumps and rubella Pediatric visits include schedules of specifics vaccinations from the country in which the patient lives. The medical assistant is usually responsible for administration of these vaccinations, either orally, topically, or by injection. It is the job of the medical assistant to educate patient regarding the risks and side effects of each individual vaccine. As well as direct them to websites in which they can learn more about this topic. Documentation of the vaccine given must be through, the type, the lot number, the method of administration, and location of injections is placed in the patient record or immunization log. It is an important job of the medical assistant performing pediatric injections. Proper skills need to be developing for the comfort and safety of the patient to avoid physical or emotional trauma. Most pediatric injections are given intramuscularly. An important part of the medical assistant job is to calm the patient before and after the injection. Blood screenings are done to all infants through their capillaries and they may occur within the first seven days of life. Some blood screening is done if symptoms are present or it the presence of family disease. These could be â€Å"sickle cell anemia†, â€Å"IRT†, â€Å"Hypothyroidism†, â€Å"Homocystinuria†, â€Å"Ketonuria†, â€Å"and Galactosemia†. Circumcision or removal of foreskin of the penis is very common on newborn infants while they are still in the hospital; however there are occasions in which due to unforeseen circumstances this procedure is done in the pediatrics’ office which could turn in complications. Adolescent Care could be very challenging for the medical assistant. This is when the secondary sex characteristics become more obvious. At this age in when youths could show manners of independency and even exploration of new avenues such as drugs, alcohol and other substances. Communication could also be challenging with care giver. The communication could persuade embarrassment and nonprofessional. It is important to remain nonjudgmental and at the same time show empathy and professional company. Adolescent can present hug concerns for their height and weight due the influence of society and media with unrealistic and unhealthy standards, therefore the importance of being sensitive when discussing with young people about normal height and weights Puberty brings sexual changes and reproduction becomes a possibility. During this time estrogen and progesterone hormones are increasing in girls. In the other hand, boys will have the increase in the production of testosterone. Secondary sex characteristics are the visual changes seen when boys and girls as they grow to become adults. These are features that are not necessarily related to reproduction, these are voice changes, breasts, shoulder widening and facial hair. Behavioral and Mental Health Issues such as depression, eating disorders, abuse, suicide are thought to be primarily for adults, however they can also occur in the pediatric patients. The health professional must be aware of these signs and symptom in order to provide diagnosis and treatment to these problems

Prisons Dont Work Essay examples -- Critical Thinking Essays

Right now in the United States of America murderers, rapists, and child molesters are being set free. Prisoners are watching T.V., eating a meal, and using exercise equipment while law abiding citizens are starving and living in the gutters. Prisoners even have their own periodical. Dangerous criminals are walking the streets and crime is a way of life to many Americans. In America, crime does pay because our nations prison system is not working. The nations prison system must be changed because of major problems with the system such as overcrowding and the fact that early release programs do not work. Building more jails is expensive and does not solve anything. These problems can be solved by giving prisoners no chance for parole and imprisoning only violent offenders. The non-violent offenders should enter a work program for the duration of their sentence. Since 1980, jail and prison populations have grown by 172 percent(United States 11 Sept. 1994). Overcrowding is both inhumane to the prisoner and dangerous to the prison staff. When you put a lot of people, especially criminals, in close quarters tensions rise and the chance of a riot increases. If a riot occurs both prisoners and guards are put in danger. In Texas the jails are full. There is an estimated backlog of 29,000 state prisoners who are incarcerated in county jails awaiting new cells.(Brida 24 Nov. 1994) Texas is not the only state with overcrowding problems. For example, Ohios prison system is operating at 180 percent of capacity.(Varnam 16) Also, the federal prison system is 37 percent over-capacity(Clark 4 Feb. 1994). Statistics like this are found across the country. Prisons should have two objectives; 1) keep dangerous criminals off the streets ... ...ng more prisons cut the crime rate? The CQ Researcher 4 Feb. 1994URL:gopher://gopher.cqalert.com/0F1:25674:05CQR_FEBRUARY1994%20gopher. Cunniff, Mark A. and Patrick A. Langan. Recidivism of Felons on Probation, 1986-89. 24 Nov. 1994(found) URL:gopher://justice2. usdoj.gov/00/ojp/bjs/13. Prison Inmates To Work In Wildlife Management Areas.Associated Press 24 Nov. 1994(found) URL:gopher://gopher.cic.net/00/nircomm/ gopher/e-serials/general/education/univ-newspapers/daily- texan/today/94041507.s03_Prison.gz. Sanchez , Edward J. Look Beyond Capital Punishment. 26 Nov. 1994 (found) URL:?. United States. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Probation And Parole Populations Reach New Highs. 11 Sept. 1994. URL:gopher://justice2.usdoj.gov/00/ojp/bjs/probpar.txt. Voters Get Tough On Criminals. The Associated Press 9 Nov. 1994. URL:?. Prisons Don't Work Essay examples -- Critical Thinking Essays Right now in the United States of America murderers, rapists, and child molesters are being set free. Prisoners are watching T.V., eating a meal, and using exercise equipment while law abiding citizens are starving and living in the gutters. Prisoners even have their own periodical. Dangerous criminals are walking the streets and crime is a way of life to many Americans. In America, crime does pay because our nations prison system is not working. The nations prison system must be changed because of major problems with the system such as overcrowding and the fact that early release programs do not work. Building more jails is expensive and does not solve anything. These problems can be solved by giving prisoners no chance for parole and imprisoning only violent offenders. The non-violent offenders should enter a work program for the duration of their sentence. Since 1980, jail and prison populations have grown by 172 percent(United States 11 Sept. 1994). Overcrowding is both inhumane to the prisoner and dangerous to the prison staff. When you put a lot of people, especially criminals, in close quarters tensions rise and the chance of a riot increases. If a riot occurs both prisoners and guards are put in danger. In Texas the jails are full. There is an estimated backlog of 29,000 state prisoners who are incarcerated in county jails awaiting new cells.(Brida 24 Nov. 1994) Texas is not the only state with overcrowding problems. For example, Ohios prison system is operating at 180 percent of capacity.(Varnam 16) Also, the federal prison system is 37 percent over-capacity(Clark 4 Feb. 1994). Statistics like this are found across the country. Prisons should have two objectives; 1) keep dangerous criminals off the streets ... ...ng more prisons cut the crime rate? The CQ Researcher 4 Feb. 1994URL:gopher://gopher.cqalert.com/0F1:25674:05CQR_FEBRUARY1994%20gopher. Cunniff, Mark A. and Patrick A. Langan. Recidivism of Felons on Probation, 1986-89. 24 Nov. 1994(found) URL:gopher://justice2. usdoj.gov/00/ojp/bjs/13. Prison Inmates To Work In Wildlife Management Areas.Associated Press 24 Nov. 1994(found) URL:gopher://gopher.cic.net/00/nircomm/ gopher/e-serials/general/education/univ-newspapers/daily- texan/today/94041507.s03_Prison.gz. Sanchez , Edward J. Look Beyond Capital Punishment. 26 Nov. 1994 (found) URL:?. United States. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Probation And Parole Populations Reach New Highs. 11 Sept. 1994. URL:gopher://justice2.usdoj.gov/00/ojp/bjs/probpar.txt. Voters Get Tough On Criminals. The Associated Press 9 Nov. 1994. URL:?.

Nomination: HIV Education and Prevention

Each year there are several cases of AIDS/HIV cases are reported. This may simply shows that people are still ignorance about the disease and its consequences once a person is inflicted. Other instance of the continued dispersion of the disease is the unawareness of people regarding its prevention. According to some surveys conducted, significant numbers of people are dangerously ignorant about the virus, unawareness about the HIV amongst groups. One way of eliminating the sense of unawareness among people is through education. Significantly, one must always reminder that prevention is better than cure (Avert, 2007). What actions did the candidate take in addressing HIV/AIDS needs in the community? The candidate doesn’t ignore the alarming disease. She/he conducted a house-to-house visit in the X County to provide them education about the disease. In fact, the place was considered to be remote area and really needs to be provided with such actions. He/she   gave information to the people about the disease – HIV transmission and prevention. Besides, he/she also taught them about the practical prevention of the disease. She/he taught them on how to get and use condom, how to suggest and practice safe sex, how to prevent from the infection in a medical environment or injection of drugs. Moreover, she/he also shared the risks involved in an unsafe sex. Besides, she/he also gave leaflet about AIDS and made an advertising campaign regarding the dangerous – putting slogan. This is an example on non-targeted education. Meaning, for those who were not able to reach the program could be educated, at the same time, through this method. She/he knew that education regarding the disease must be disseminated through the entire community. However, considering some of the limitations, she/he couldn’t do the information dissemination between him/her and an individual throughout the entire community. However, before he conducted the program, he/she first know the attitudes or characteristics of the people and the community's culture. She/he considered the following points before visitation: age of the people to be educated, receptive degree of the groups, cultural issues, individual education or awareness, education attained by the people about HIV, literacy, others. From this, she/he could really identify which groups needed an intensive education and prevention program (Avert, 2007). She/he also taught them on the negative impacts of the discrimination towards people having the disease. 2. What achievements resulted from the candidate’s efforts? Because of his intensive information giving out about the disease and the effective method implemented, none of her clients has gotten infected with HIV considering the fact that they are a very high risk group. This simply means that the program really works. The people really understand about the disease, its risks and prevention. Also, the community is also very cooperative among its citizens. They also educate others who are ignorant about the disease. The education was not only distributed to the current residents but also it was distributed and disseminated to the next generation (Avert, 2007). 3. What else would you like the selection committee to know about this individual’s contribution to the HIV/AIDS effort in X County? I wanted to know on how she/he approached each individual. I also wanted to know what problems they encountered at the X County during the educational program and how do she/he resolved it. Reference Avert. (2007). HIV / AIDS Education . Retrieved November 17 , 2007, from Why HIV/AIDS education?: http://www.avert.org/aidseducation.htm ; ; ;

Mine essays

Mine essays Did you know three cigarettes could get one addicted? Every time one takes a puff of a cigarette theyre playing a dangerous game with life. I always wondered, why are cigarettes so deadly, what is in cigarettes; if people know theyre deadly then why do they still smoke them; finally why does the government allow people to buy them when they can kill you?(12) Every time one smokes a cigarette its like putting a gun to your head and pulling the trigger with out knowing if the gun is loaded or not. If we could vote to make cigarettes illegal then 80% of the smokers in the United States will most likely vote Cigarettes are very unhealthy. If you knew what is in cigarettes you would think twice about even touching them. The basic substances are nicotine, tobacco, and TAR. Yes TAR that black smelly stuff that you have on your roof, in the streets, and if you smoke in your lungs. Some other substances used to make cigarettes are: uranium, water, carbon dioxide. These chemicals are also used to make nuclear bombs. I guess smokers enjoy smoking nuclear bombs. Some side effects of smoking are cancer, thickening of the blood, thinner and smaller arteries, and cancer of the vocal cords. You will have to talk out of a microphone in youre neck, and could cause constant Bronchitis. Not only has that but Tobacco use during pregnancy reduced the growth of babies during pregnancy. Smaller babies may not catch up in growth after birth, and the risks of infant illness, disability, and death are increased. Your children are twice as likely to smoke if you do. Half of all premature deaths among life-long smokers result from tobacco use. Addiction is probably the worst part. Before I explain what addiction is like Im going to tell you about the process of addiction. 1. You light the cigarette. 2. You smoke two or three. 3. That dizziness is the nicot...

Anarchy, emergence of essays

Anarchy, emergence of essays New York Times, on Sunday, November 8, had an article on sentences addressed by a Federal judge to three members of the antigovernment Montana Freemen for conspiracy and fraud; the article stirred my memory and concern about this paper, as well as brought into play many of the dilemmas discussed in the Nature of Politics class. However, I do not wish to analyze this particular article or cult, but the emergence of anarchy. There have been theories and diagnosis of human nature: the Aristotelian, teleo- logical view of the political animal, the Platonic, metaphorical view of the chained caveman, the Hobbian, phobic view of savage life as inevitably short, and many notable others. Regardless of the differences found in these, there is a common denominator found in all. That is, human beings move from the animalistic, passive stage to the civilized stage in order to materialize their potential in full. In this domain, governments serve as expedients or facilitators of an anthropological movement. The mechanism may differ from one type of government to another, but its principal, common function is to lay and protect the foundations for a prosperous humanity. In aiming this, a totalitarian regime, an oligarchy, or even a democracy, resorts to some pattern of hierarchy. It is worth noticing, that no matter what degree of legitimacy one government enjoys, or another lacks, they both eventually assume an hierarchical order which in turn inevitably assures a pragmatic i n e q u a l i t y. History repeatedly proves that beyond theory. Even in Communist Soviet Union where all classes were abolished, as they were accused of being the source of all social misery, even then and there, hierarchy rose with the communist-party-class at its top. In the interstate system as well, although member-states are said to be equally ...

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia Term Paper

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia - Term Paper Example What is simply dismissed by analysts of the situation in Southeast Asia as being a result of cultural legacies is simply making light of a complex situation. The culture itself has been a propellant of the struggle and therefore part of the unexplained in the overall scheme of things (Faist 215-217). The focus on the cultural aspect of the struggle only served to shift the attention of scholars from influencing the struggle for citizenship and nation building occasioned by hegemony, colonialism, subsequent revolution and development in a bid to leveling patches history. All the efforts that aided in the ending of colonialism and nation building were initiatives of heroes of the past century who envisioned a better life for themselves and future generations. Thus the scholars like Atalas, Agoncilo, Chamvit and Sartono only served to document the heroic actions of theses heroes in a bid to continuing in the path of democracy that they charted. In the course of these actions they have s uffered damage to their reputations and their credibility was also battered all due to the struggle. Citizens who now enjoy citizenship benefits to the fullest owe it to these scholarly heroes since some even lost their lives in the struggle. It is not fair to ask that history focuses on scholars who did not have their credibility battered at the expense of those who did. In all fairness, the struggle should be documented as it was since all those who played part despite the consequences deserve mention. Part 2: Is the application of combative scholarship still viable? There is a large possibility that the nations of Southeast Asia would coalesce to form one state but this would never occur due to cultural commonalities but rather because all of them have had a similar struggle in their own territories for citizenship and nation building. The struggles over the last century have given them certain

What is peak oil Is there any evidence that cities in the developing Essay

What is peak oil Is there any evidence that cities in the developing world are taking the issue seriously in their planning If there is little or no evidence, why is this the case - Essay Example st of the potentially oil rich regions have already been explored, and also due to legislation concerning the preservation of land with natural beauty or heritage value. The irreversible decline in oil production will cause adverse impacts in the global economy, â€Å"recession, food shortages and wars and conflicts over the remaining oil supplies† (Huddart and Stott 873). By the year 2030, it is predicted that while city dwellers in developed countries would have increased by 20%, the urban population in developing countries would have more than doubled to around 4 billion people, leading to overcrowding in several cities. In contemporary society there is a heavy dependence on oil for transportation, in industry, and in other requirements for liquid fossil fuels. â€Å"China, India and other countries are rapidly increasing their consumption while production from known oil fields is peaking† (Wissler 80). Kenneth S. Deffeyes (23) raises a controversial perspective based on geology and mathematics; he considers it improbable that additional major oilfields now remain undiscovered, and predicts increasingly difficult economic, social and political conditions particularly for regions most dependent on oil, specifically imported oil. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other exporters of oil will be able to charge high rates to fulfill the demands for the commodity, resulting in steep oil price hikes followed by greater chaos than similar occurrences in 1973 and 1979. The problem of ‘peak oil’ is also related to the issue of global warming. When oil production peaks and starts declining, it will be necessary to use other substitutes besides renewable resources examined above, such as coal. This will be necessary to power electric and hybrid vehicles and as the material converted into diesel fuel. These processes producing carbon dioxide will increase air and water pollution, and adversely affect climate change. â€Å"Therefore, a potential effect of climate change is increased

Advertising Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising Analysis - Essay Example Technical effects are aimed at adding value to the adverts. These include: Sound effects add value to the products, thus giving them emotion. Close-ups give emphasis. Lighting is used to attract viewers’ attention to certain details. Accessories such as models, props and clothes used alongside the products improve them. Editing is focused on generating and pacing excitement; most products are marketed using three primary emotions: humor, sex and fear. These emotions should be independent on intellectual analysis. Unique effects bring inanimate things into life, thus making them exciting. This feature is usually prevalent in children-targeted ads. Camera angles add value to perspectives. For instance, low angles often give the product or subject power; and popular songs and music provide pneumonic devices to ads, and trigger observer’s memory (Berger 14). Common attention –getting hooks are aimed at attracting viewers’ attentions. They include humor, symbol s, repetition, fear, sex, flattering, big lies, macho, femininity, ordinary people, famous people, hype, testimonials, cute and vague promises (Berger 17). These are described as follows: Humor is commonly used since it makes the observers more attentive and memorable. Symbols such as crosses and flags are easily recognizable elements that generate powerful emotions. Repetition is used to repeat sales pitch over and over again. Fear messages are focused on addressing observers’ insecurities. It is one of the commonly used techniques since extra attention is needed to resist these messages. And sex often sells without exception. Cute images and people always add value to the show, especially in cartoon and family programs. Most adverts feature celebrities giving testimonials why certain products are recommendable. This is because people respect products endorsed by celebrities such as Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods. Famous people like Tiger Woods make products attractive and a ppealing through associations. Ads that target family or community such as Wal-Mart use ordinary people in their shows. Femininity is a gender stereotype that is commonly used in a variety of products like alcohol ads and make-up commercials. Macho is commonly used in adverts that target male community, but not exclusively. It represents male stereotype and masculinity. Such ads include tobacco and military adverts. Exotic is the appeal of the other option. It maybe a tribal person, mountain location, beach location, or something unfamiliar or strange. Film effects, music, fashion and images depicting a certain period in history are focused to represent demographic featured in the advert. This may include pop and classic rock music (Berger 34). Culture is a feature that is essential when designing an advert. An advert should be designed in accordance to specific ethnic groups. For example, Latino-targeted adverts may include particular uses of language or family scenes (Berger 34). There are two key analytical frameworks used to describe adverts and other visuals. These are content analysis and semiotic analysis. The two techniques are not often used when analyzing an ad because they both originate from different ideological stances (Berger 41). Active interpretation is primarily concerned with the act of interpretation. From this, the meaning of the advert is obtained from the process of interpretation, but not from the content of the advert. Such adverts are designed to bring the viewers to a common understanding. There is also diversity of interpretation method, which focuses on the different views presented by the viewers regarding the same advert. This method takes into account factors such as ethnicity, age, class and

The Analysis of “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee Essay The text under study belongs to famous American writer Harper Lee. It’s a passage of her novel â€Å"To kill a mockingbird†, but as the extract is rather complete we can define it as a short story. The extract under analysis depicts a trial of Tom Robinson who is accused of assaulting a white girl. So we can easily define the following theme: the trial of a Negro man who has supposedly raped a white girl. The problem raised by the author is an issue of justice. The main idea the author tries to reveal is in spite of the fact that people are different according to their age, sex, education, social status, colour of skin etc., all should be treated equally and honestly when they go before court. The main conflict is between the defence and the prosecution. It’s obvious and external. We observe the events through the eyes of Jean Louise, seven years old daughter of Atticus, who is present at trial. Though Jean’s observations and views are important, the essential part of the passage is dedicated to Atticus’s speech which is worth considering as it’s a bright example of an oratory. Public speeches in general are being given by all kinds of people to many kinds of audience. But the aim of the speech is always the same — the speaker must win the audience heart, must make it believe him, support him, and stand by his side. Logically organized speech, which would sound convincing, is the only way to succeed. And such oratory has certain features that are also present at Atticus’s speech. Throughout Atticus’s speech the author uses different CDs of different language levels to make the speech coherent, convincing, and emotionally appealing. As the most features of the oratory are present at Atticus’s speech, we can conclude that it has an argumentative power and is logically built. I think this was achieved due to that fact that Harper Lee herself studied law at university so she knew full well what she was writing about. As for the main character we can say that even he didn’t win this trial he made everybody, both black and white people, respect him. We can say beyond all the reasonable doubt that at the introduction to the story Atticus was by rights called an experienced lawyer and a smart and wise person.

Facilities operations management in lloyds tsb

Facilities operations management in lloyds tsb What is Facilities Operations Management Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services. Usually, small businesses dont talk about â€Å"operations management†, but they carry out the activities that management schools typically associate with the phrase â€Å"operations management.† Major, overall activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. A great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management often includes substantial measurement and analysis of internal processes. Ultimately, the nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc. Every organisation has an operations function, whether or not it is called ‘operations. The goal or purpose of most organisations involves the production of goods and/or services. Introduction Lloyds TSB Lloyds TSB is a famous and well-known name in United Kingdom especially in Scotland. Lloyds TSB itself was generate in 1995 when the Lloyds Bank and Trustee savings Banks was consent to merge the operations, that time it was the 2nd largest bank in the UK. People also riley for savings BANKS in Scottish heritage. So the Lloyds TSB brand was launched in July 1999. It has 185 branches in Scotland, 3000 branches in all over the UK and internationally 500 offices in 47 countries these all of them backed by the command of the Lloyds Banking Group. This bank has approximately 63,000 employees. (Source: http://www.lloydstsb.com/about_ltsb/lloyds_bank.asp [visited on 11-01-2010]) Responsibilities of facilities managers for staff engaged in facilities operations DAYS AND HOURS OF OPERATION. It shall be the responsibility of the Bank manager to comply with the terms of the permit or the bid announcement regarding the days and hours designated for the facility to be open for business. It is required that the Bank manager be present at least five days and a minimum of thirty (30) hours each week; however, it is not necessary for the manager to be present during all of the hours that the facility is open. Exceptions to this provision must be approved in writing by the appropriate Business Enterprises Supervisor. In the absence of the manager, it is essential that a qualified employee be on duty to ensure that all customers needs are being met and that the facility is otherwise being operated in compliance with all rules and regulations which govern its operation. Managers responsibilties in Operational Aspects In Lloyds TSB Focuses on the line manager as a key stakeholder in the human resource Management process and operational management. Considers the general trend towards devolvement of human resource activities and operational activities to line specialists. Examines issues involved in devolving training, development to the line and operations management with specific emphasis on the potential difficulties. Recent empirical evidence is represented. Concludes that the shape of things to come, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a sharing of responsibilities between the specialist and the line. (Source: Noreen Heraty, Michael Morley) Explain using example responsibility the facilities manager hastowardscustomers using the facility Administrative services managersplan, coordinate, and direct a broad range of services that allow organizations to operate efficiently. They might, for example, coordinate space allocation, facilities maintenance and operations, and major property and equipment procurement. They also may oversee centralized operations that meet the needs of multiple departments, such as information and data processing, mail, materials scheduling and distribution, printing and reproduction, records management, telecommunications management, security, recycling, wellness, and transportation services. Administrative services managers also ensure that contracts, insurance requirements, and government regulations and safety standards are followed and up to date. They may examine energy consumption patterns, technology usage, and personal property needs to plan for their long-term maintenance, modernization, and replacement. Imapct of FACILITY Opeartions on the Bank the part of the treasury organisation that administers and supports the trading activities of the treasury front office. The back offices main functions are to process, confirm, verify, settle, reconcile and record financial market transactions. The back office is also responsible for ensuring that the organisations treasury management policy and controls are followed as well as ensuring general compliance with rules and regulations. In a more general sense, the term refers to all administrative functions that support an organisation and includes areas such as payroll and expenses, accounts payable, accounts receivable and accounting. Bank Relationship Management Represents one of the most important activities of the treasury function as banks are an important corporate resource and are significant financial stakeholders in an organisation/company. Bank relationship management has two main functions: To select and appoint banks according to the companys funding, cash management and risk management requirements. To maintain a consistent dialogue with bank counterparties and to inform them of corporate developments so as to ensure that business is being effected in a manner that is satisfactory to both parties, and that these banks are receptive to the companys needs at all times. Assess the Saturatory Regulations To Facility Operations Statutory regulation exists to protect the publicagainst the risk of poor practice. It works by settingagreed standards of practice and competenceby registering those who are competent to practise and restricting the use of specified protected titles to those who are registered. The Government legislation protects seven titles:Clinical Psychologist,Health Psychologist,Counselling Psychologist,Educational Psychologist,Occupational Psychologist,Sport and Exercise Psychologist, and Forensic Psychologist. To operational managers need to tell to his staff about rules and regulations e.g., definitions, permit requirements e.g., general, inspection or investigation, references, permit requirements, exceptions to the standard; about enforcing regulations e.g., probation, consultation, inspections etc; about enforcing actions e.g. general, violation classification etc; about enforcing action e.g. general, inservice training, health statics etc; about reporting procedure e.g. emergency call number, medical call numbers etc; about fire presentations e.g. arrangements for fire departments response, inspection, evacuation plan, fire response training etc; about facility accommodation, mobile units, severability and general etc etc. Health and Safety rules The fscility operational manager is obliged to comply with the Health and Safety at Work Act, Carry out a thorough risk assessment. Draw up a health and safety policy (in writing if the employ are five or more people). Ensure your workplace meets minimum standards of comfort and cleanliness. Record injuries, accidents and diseases in an accident book. Health and Safety Documentation Required The Lloyds TSB Bank have more than five and that includes the owners and any part-time staff thats why the bank need written healthand safety documentation. The Law requires that you have a written healthand safety policy statement. Linked to this statement will be the arrangements that exist with the bank for dealing with healthand safety. Healthy and Safety Policies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Health Safety Policy StatementsGeneral statement, and policy examples, including contractors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard Health Safety and Risk Assessment formsAnnual audit, risk assessment forms plans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Environmental FormsPolicy, assessment checklist action plan and waste disposal note   Ã‚  Ã‚  First Aid, Accidents and DiseaseAccident, investigation, treatment and Riddor report forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Fire SafetyRisk Assessment forms, policy and procedures and records   Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoke Free, Drugs and Alcohol PoliciesUp-to-date policies governing smoking, drugs and alcohol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Safe DrivingSave Driving Policy, Guidance for Employees who Drive for Work and Vehicle Checklist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Display Screen EquipmentQuestionnaire, identification eyesight records and risk assessment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Chemical and Hazardous Substances COSHHSafety data, risk assessment and action plan forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Personal Protection Equipment PPERisk survey and acknowledgement of use   Ã‚  Ã‚  Manual HandlingAssessment checklist control forms, employee assessments and action plan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Equipment MachineryMaintenance records, and risk assessment forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Hot WorkRisk assessment, action plan and permit forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Asbestos Containing MaterialsInspection, assessment, action plan, register, control and disposal forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Disability Discrimination ActAccess audits, checklist, control and action plan forms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Maternity Health SafetyExpectant mother letter and risk assessment form Adding more confidence for maintaining communication to international and national business The key financial functions of international and national banking online, allowing your accounts to monitor, operate and control the transaction aspects of your international and national banking more closely and more effectively than before. Services are offered as individual modules, allowing you to select only those you need. Our international and national services specialists understand that at any rate, clients can keep in touch with transaction, e-commerce is playing an increasingly major role. We can offer you a more efficient way of accessing our range of trade services products via Online Services, designed to improve speed and accuracy for your accounts. Online Trade Services will enable you to manage four main trade service activities online: Import and Export Letters of Credit. Guarantees. Import and Export Collections. Standby Letters of Credit Issued and Received. Controle and Procedure Autorization, autority limits, cash flow forecast, confirmation, counterparty exposure credit, dealing procedure, Electronic Funds Transfer System, execution, Financial Risk Sensitivity Analysis, mandates, recording, reporting, settlement, system log, treasurey control, treasurey management policies, unatorize transaction, and valuation of derivatives do controle and procedure operate by facilities operation manager in the Lloyds TSB Bank. In the capital markets asset back securities, accredited values, accretion, accretion bond, accrual bond,accured interest, advance refunding, agency transaction, agreement among underwriters, all or none, allotment, analyst, arbitrage,ask price, equity ratio, auction market, back to back market, bear transaction, best mid, block trade and bond insurance etc etc are being handled in the Lloyds TSB Bank by the operational facility managers. Facility Managers support to effective Building Management The support of administrative facility management through information technology is identified asComputer Aided Facility Management(CAFM), Facilities Management Systems, or Computerized Maintenance Management Systems. Because computer has become the part of our social and as well as in job activities including banking. Administrative services managersplan, coordinate, and direct a broad range of services that allow Banks to operate efficiently. They might, for example, coordinate space allocation, facilities maintenance and operations, and major property and equipment procurement. They also may oversee centralized operations that meet the needs of multiple departments, such as information and data processing, mail, materials scheduling and distribution, printing and reproduction, records management, telecommunications management, security, recycling, wellness, and transportation services. Administrative services managers also ensure that contracts, insurance requirements, and government regulations and safety standards are followed and up to date. They may examine energy consumption patterns, technology usage, and personal property needs to plan for their long-term maintenance, modernization, and replacement. The resposibilty of facility managers is to trained the banking staff, ensure the smooth accounts and mortageges operations; describe to the jobs to their employees etc. Quality and Effectiveness of Facilities Operations Senior executives and facilities managers can speak the same languageLean language! Savvy facility managers are being recognized as contributors to overall quality and profitability, and an integral part of core service delivery and manufacturing operations. managers who initiate disciplined processes are in a position to spend their budgets instead of defend them, and have the data available to confirm facilities impact on mainstream operations. It is up to facility managers to think, plan, act, and communicate in an entrepreneurial fashion. Implementing defined strategies and structures to increase quality and productivity in facility operations and maintenance, and add value to the enterprise, takes a significant, long-term commitment. Quality and Effectiveness of Facilities Operations Analysis Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services. In the operations management major, overall activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. So Costs can be substantial to store and move inventory. Innovative methods, such as Just-in-Time inventory control, can save costs and move products and services to customers more quickly. A management consulting firm specializing in facility management, real estate, operations, and administrative planning and management. For consulting assignments we match our team and services to client requirements in order to ascertain innovative solutions for our clients facility and administrative needs. We conduct a study, perform an analysis, and present an assessment with action plans, options, schedules and budget. Determining the current status provides a benchmark from which future achievements can be measured. Conclusion Facilities management operations is one of the fastest growing professions in the UK. Facilities managers are responsible formany of the buildings and services which support businesses and other types of organisation. Operations Management deals with the design and management of products, processes, services and supply chains. It considers the acquisition, development, and utilization of resources that firms need to deliver the goods and services their clients want.

America Needs Prayer in the Public Schools :: essays papers

America Needs Prayer in the Public Schools Education is a very valuable thing. It gives us knowledge and understanding of the world we are to someday face on our own. Yet education is always a seriously debated issue. What should be taught? What shouldn't be taught? How should we teach it? For example the issue of whether or not God should be allowed to be taught in schools is a fiercely argued subject. In an article taken from the Waukesha freeman on December 5, 1999, a public school teacher had been fired and faces up to 6 months in prison all because a little child asked him how the world got here and he replied "God put it here". The written law forbids public school teachers to refer to God or creation in any manner. The theory of creation can not be taught in class rooms because of its direct relation to the Christian religion. Religion is not to be taught in public school because it is believed that it is pushing a faith onto the kids against the parents will. Was the teacher wrong for simply sharing his view with his student? In todays world, we are quickly learning that it doesn't matter how you say it, "Jesus is always bad". It baffles me that education is so limited and pointed in one direction; They refuse to teach Christ in the schools, but yet, they happily teach the theory of evolution, the big bang theory, and basically any other means of creation the school system can find. For a country that is so worried about what their children are learning, they still struggle with the fact that there are kids that attend public schools and still can't read by their junior year in high school. The funding is non-excitant and the teachers are few. What a mess. In the Arabian countries, they too have operated there schools according to beliefs and religion. In the past four years, they have declared that women are not allowed to hold a job of any kind. Their religion states that females are to stay at home and be good house wives. According to Time magazine of June 1995, 78% of the Arabian school teachers were women.

Customer Service Strategy of British Airways Essay

British Airways is one of the worlds leading airlines with a network that provides passenger and freight services to 149 destinations in 72 countries. Its airline network is centered on the United Kingdom where 85% of its 47,500 workforce is based. The mission of the company is to deliver services that matter for people and how to fly. In order to achieve or realize this mission; British Airways recognizes the importance of working in partnership with its stakeholders. This has significantly influenced its approach to corporate social responsibility. The main reason why the company has decided to engage CR is to help it achieve its long-term strategic goals in providing growth opportunities around the health airport Today most companies are redesigning their operations and management style in order to increase customers satisfaction and productivity. With the introduction of the new technology, a lot of changes have been brought in the business environments. Different companies are coming up with various types of new information and technology in order to improve their businesses. This paper therefore utilizes the various tools  Ã‚   of writing a research proposal to investigate how the new technology has made British airways company to improve the way it serves its customers what should be noted is that the success of any organization will depend on the quality of customer service skills employees have. The company has not been left out in coming up with new method s of satisfying its customers. Communication more efficiently If we consider the number of immigrants (passengers) visiting United Kingdom from east and central Europe, it can be said that the company has realized a lot of benefits. However the company needs to do a lot in order to attract more passengers and tourists into the region. To date many tourists are raising questions about security measures and long lines made when booking for flights movements from major cities to the air ports has also not been possible. This research proposal has therefore been developed to investigate the efforts the company has put forward to improve customer satisfaction which covers the area of booking, traveling to the Airport in order to catch up with time and finally security measures that have been taken. This is because terrorism and drug trafficking has been mentioned as public enemy number one in the region. Passengers or tourists would not like to risk their lives when cases of terrorism are high. This means that the company needs to address the issues of tight security to ensure that its customers are protected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any research proposal there must be an area dealing with significant of study that is the rationale of the study (Gill and Johnson, 1997). The company to make some adjustment in order to improve their services and attract more customers will use the information on the study. The government will also use the information to address areas that needs provision of services such as upgrading public transport system, security and provision of social amenities. Research question   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research question in this study will focus on the way the British airways company has improved its services to attract more customers and serve its customers better (Veal, 1997) .The following research questions will be used to assist in directing the study in this given area. The questions are as follows. Are there changes in the way passengers are served at airports?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) What measures should be taken to ensure that security and safety of passengers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   are provided by British Airways? 3) Is there any link between public transport and airports to improve passengers’ satisfaction in order to reduce congestion? 4) What should British airways do in order to grab the biggest share of this growing market? Objectives of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This research proposal is on investigating how British Airways has tried to improve the service to passengers. According to Clark (1998) the objectives of any study should be specific, smart, realistic and time bound.   The specific objectives on the study will be: To evaluate the safety and security measures taken by airports and airlines security department to ensure passenger are protected. To find out the measures taken to promote easy movement of passengers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (3) To investigate how the company has tried to address the issue of customer satisfaction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   especially passengers. Hypothesis of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hypothesis developed in this paper will be used to provide a general answer to the problems being searched on. However these hypotheses are subjected to clarification where by they will be tested to confirm whether they are true or not (Johns and Lee-ross,1998). The following alternative hypotheses therefore have been constructed to achieve objectives stated above. H2: Online booking of tickets has been developed to improve services offered to passengers. H3: Public transport has been established to help in easy movement of passengers from and to the airports. H4: Security has been increased to ensure that passengers are protected from any threats. Literature review Literature review is one of the most important aspects of a research proposal (Hart, 1998). It involves reviewing the existing literature in order to a void wasteful duplication of work other researchers had previously done. It is divided into three sections whereby the first section deals with online booking, second section deals with modification on transport and last one on security measures. Online ticketing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effects of the new technology have been seen in the air transport sector. To date it can be said that online shopping has become a feature of modern life. Passengers who are traveling using air transport can now take or find their tickets through the use of Internet (Debra and Colin, 2003,p7). They can further customize their tickets by adding meal preferences and self selected seat numbers to make them feel satisfied. The new technology has also made it easier for airlines to communicate information to passengers very easily about conditions attached to fares and about general conditions of carriage (Arnold, 2004). This has led to reduction of cases of inconveniency during travel (Finn, Elliot and Walton, 2000)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A number of airlines are now shifting from traditional way of obtaining tickets to modern way where online shopping is encouraged. For instance easy Jet has ensured that over 98% of its bookings are made online (Rigas, 2002,p31). The Internet according to passengers has made booking of air tickets much easier than ever before. Among the advantage it has include saving time, and money since passengers will tend to avoid agents premiums and booking fees. Passengers therefore have time to make their decision on what to pick on. Online ticket sales by region Region    Own Airline Web-site All online Channels E-tickets issued             Industry average 11.0% 14.5% 19.1% North America 29.5% 37.1% 41.4% Europe 15.2% 16.0% 20.7% Asia Pacific 7.6% 10.2% 16.5% Source: Airline Business, July 2004 The table above shows the increase in passengers using online tickets during travel by British Airways. Travel to airports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Must of the passengers using air transport have not recognized the need to use public transport in order to get to and from the airport. This has led to congestion on surrounding roads. To reduce the congestion on the roads passengers are encouraged to use pubic transport to avoid being late. Many passengers do have bulky luggage and at the same time they will be required to be at the airport at a given time (Magalia, 2000). Use of surface access links should therefore be encouraged especially by travelers undertaking inter-urban journeys for business, non-work/leisure community and freight that are using links which are not directly connected with the ports or airport (Stabler, 1997,p17).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managing directors and chief executive officers of the various airlines and airports have also encouraged the use of Buses and coach services to airports in order to reduce congestion and provide a public transport service to those for whom rail is not available option. These services are offered twenty four seven to increase efficiency and effectiveness when handling customers (Danny and Barbara, 2002,p11). The bus and coach services are made easily accessible and available from the airport and drop-off points, which are also well placed at strategic points. The Transport for London (TFL) for instance had agreed that bus stops and bus stations were to be located as close as possible to passenger objectives, including terminals and work places. The investment in coach and bus facilities that are well placed will attract more passengers to use the air transport more frequently, which in turn will lead to improved development of airline business (David, 1995). Airport officials currently are working with public transport operators to harmonize the linkage between airports and other cities and towns in the country (Fredrick, 2006,p25). Good infrastructure development is one of the indicators of economic growth of a given country. When links to the airports are many well established those who will be traveling will also be many.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of Rail transport has also led to some significant improvement but still premature. The breakdown of modes of transport used by migrants from UK airports shows low levels of rail use. However the low level of rail use can seriously change when new facilities are provided. For example the building of Docklands light Rail link into city Airport has resulted in 49% of passengers using Dhr therefore leading to an increase in public transport usage from 31% in 2003 to 50% in 2007 which off course was recognized as one of the highest rail mode-shares at any airport in the UK (Danny and Barbar, 2002,p9). Security and Safety issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The need for strong and tight security measures was realized on 10 August 2006 when police officers tried to stop a suspected plot to blow up several planes leaving the UK, possibly using liquid explosives carried on board in hand luggage (Fredrick, 2006,p28). Around twenty people were arrested but the greatest challenge was to introduce a new technology that could detect any dangerous weapon carried by passengers. Restrictions on hand luggage were introduced whereby passengers were only allowed to carry a small range of essential items such as prescription medicines in but in recommended quality. In the beginning the introduction of these restrictions led to the widespread disruption to flights departing from all UK airports including the cancellation of many flights. Passengers are only to carry one small bag without any liquid or gels onto their flight (Frank, 2005,p16).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we talk of security, most passengers have developed negative attitude towards using air transport because of security threats. The security issue has affected airline business and it is now the major problem that airlines should address (Melanie, 2003). Among the problems include longer queues, increased waiting times to go through security and increasing intrusion for passengers. In UK the situation is even worse in airports with large numbers of transferring passengers. Most of the airlines have been forced to cancel their flights because of security threats. For example British Airways announced in September 2006 that the August alert had cost them â‚ ¤40 million losses from the business (Joby, 2003). Further losses were also experienced since more funds were to be used in coming up or implementing effective measures. The airlines are everyday becoming more frustrated at the continuing difficulties at security points (Stephen, 2002,p84). This calls for the assistance of Government and airport operators in order to ensure that UK airports are able and capable of handling unexpected events (Harold and Evra, 1994,p7).            . Data Collection method.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This chapter deals with how data on study will be conducted. Basically two methods will be used that is administering questionnaires and interviews. Five students in one of the universities in London will be selected taking a degree in airline and airport management to assist in collection of data. These students will be given a thorough training for two days in relevant questions in the questionnaire. A total of five passengers will be interviewed. The CEO, transport manager and security officer will also be interviewed. The sampling method for picking passengers will be randomized clustered sampling. Data collection method and techniques   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interviews will be conducted where the interviewers will have with themselves a set of questions to be asked and answered. They will be expected to have undergone thorough training on both the method and meaning of each item on the questionnaire. The students will also be expected to be familiar with the different airports and airlines in UK and piloting of the questionnaires will be done first to test for construct validity. Data collection procedures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data collection procedure will be through questionnaire and interviews. The interviewers in order to carry out the study will be trained on the topic of study will conduct direct face to face interviewers with the sample population stated above with the assistance of a well prepared questionnaire to elicit response and ensure consistency. Four categories of responses ranging from very satisfied (VS), neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (NS), very/fairly dissatisfied (VD) and don’t know (DN) will be used. Limitation of the study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The survey will deal with different people from different cultural background. The interviewers may have problem of winning the attention and trust of passengers. Difficulties in convincing them to be free and honest may arise. Lack of adequate funds may also hinder the success of the study for it to be completed in time. Work Plan Phase Activity Time 1 Choosing study topic and looking for objectives and hypothesis 10/11/2007 – 20/11/2007 2 Research design Developing, questionnaires 25/11/2007 – 30/11/2007 3 Developing literature review chapter and reading books 02/12/2007 – 04/12/2007 4 Writing chapter on research methodologies 07/12/2007 – 15/12/2007 5 Finding the relevant research tools 20/12/2007-24/12/2007 6 Preparation and presentation of finding 25/12/2007 – 30/12/2007 7 Write up of the report 01/01/2008 – 05/01/2008 Structure of the questionnaire    Very/ fair satisfied (%) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (%) (ND) Very dissatisfied (%) (VD) Don’t know (%) (DN) Public transport link to airport             Number of destination served             Cost of flight             Airport security             Airport facilities             Level of flight delays             Information about flight at airport             Check in times             Local services provision and Access             Bibliography Arnold, D.C (2004). 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